Document Type : Research Articles

Authors

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Qom University of Technology, Qom, Iran

Abstract

Target localization in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is essential for various applications. This study investigates received signal strength (RSS)-based localization in the presence of malicious anchor nodes that intentionally alter signal power levels to mislead the fusion center (FC) and degrade positioning accuracy. To address this challenge, we adopt a Maximum a Posteriori (MAP) estimator, which estimates the target location even when the path loss exponent is unknown. We show that the MAP estimation method can estimate the WSN unknown parameters, including the path loss exponent, the distance between the target node and anchor nodes, and the received signal strength. Simulation results demonstrate that the MAP method achieves lower localization errors than other competing approaches when the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) exceeds 10 dB, although it entails higher computational complexity in terms of simulation run time. The proposed approach is particularly efficient in applications in transportation, military operations, security, smart industries, and mapping.

Keywords

Main Subjects

[1] Q. Yan, H. M. Wang, Y. Chen, and C. Gao, “Robust 3-D AOA Localization Against Malicious Attacks in NonGaussian Noise,” IEEE Sens. J., vol. 24, no. 9, pp. 14573-14585, 2024.
[2] C. Si, R. Fan, Y. Yang, and Y. Sun, “Improved TOA Localization Using Modified Polar Representation,” IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 28, no. 9, pp. 2051-2055, 2024.
[3] Y. Liu, C. Chen, Y. Wang, and C. Liu, “RangeIndependent TDOA Localization Using Stepwise Accuracy Enhancement Under Speed Uncertainty,” IEEE Signal Process. Lett., vol. 30, pp. 1372-1376, 2023.
[4] R. Sari and H. Zayyani, “RSS Localization Using Unknown Statistical Path Loss Exponent Model,” IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 22, no. 9, pp. 1830-1833, 2018.
[5] S. Haidari, H. Moradi, and S. M. M. Dehghan, “RF Source Localization Using Obstacles Map and Reflections,” International Journal of Industrial Electronics, Control and Optimization, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 181-190, 2021.
[6] M. H. Arabsorkhi, H. Zayyani, and M. Korki, “3-D Hybrid RSS-AoA Passive Source Localization with Unknown Path Loss Exponent,” IEEE Sens. Lett., vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 1372-1376, 2023.
[7] R. Garg, A. L. Varna, and M. Wu, “An Efficient Gradient Descent Approach to Secure Localization in Resource Constrained Wireless Sensor Networks,” IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Security, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 717-730, 2012.
[8] Z. Li, W. Trappe, Y. Zhang, and B. Nath, “Robust Statistical Methods for Securing Wireless Localization in Sensor Networks,” in Fourth Int. Symposium Inf. Process. Sensor Netw, pp. 91-98, 2005.
[9] J. Won and E. Bertino, “Robust Sensor Localization Against Known Sensor Position Attacks,” IEEE Trans, Mobile Comput, vol. 18, no. 12, pp. 2954-2967, 2019.
[10] B. Mukhopadhyay, S. Srirangarajan, and S. Kar, “Robust Range-Based Secure Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks,” in IEEE Global Commun. Conf. (GLOBECOM), pp. 1-6, 2018.
[11] B. Mukhopadhyay, S. Srirangarajan, and S. Kar, “RSSBased Localization in the Presence of Malicious Nodes in Sensor Networks,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 70, pp. 1-16, 2021.
[12] S. Marano, V. Matta, P. Willett, and L. Tong, “DOA Estimation Via a Network of Dump Sensors Under the SENMA Parading,” IEEE Signal Process. Lett., vol. 12, no. 10, pp. 709-712, 2005.
[13] S. Marano, V. Matta, P. Willett, and L. Tong, “SupportBased and ML Approaches to DOA Estimation in a Dumb Sensor Network,” IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 54, no. 4. pp. 1563-1567, 2006.
[14] D. Li and Y. H. Hu, “Energy-Based Collaborative Source Localization Using Acoustic Micro-Sensor Array,”' EURASIP J. Appl. Signal Process, pp. 321-337, 2003.
[15] X. Sheng and Y. H. Hu, “Maximum Likelihood MultipleSource Localization Using Acoustic Energy Measurements with Wireless Sensor Networks,” IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 53, no. 1. pp. 44-53, 2005.
[16] N. Patwari and A. Hero, “Using Proximity and Quantized RSS For Sensor Localization in Wireless Networks,” in Proc. 2nd Int. ACM Workshop Wireless Sens. Netw. Appl., San Diego, CA, USA, pp. 20-29, 2003.
[17] R. Niu and P. K. Varshney, “Target Location Estimation in Sensor Networks with Quantized Data,” IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 54, no. 12, pp. 4519-4528, 2006.
[18] S. Marano, V. Matta, and L. Tong, “Distributed Detection in the Presence of Byzantine Attacks,” IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 16-29, 2009.
[19] A. Vempaty, K. Agrawal, H. Chen, and P. K. Varshney, “Adaptive Learning of Byzantines Behavior in Cooperative Spectrum Sensing,” in Proc. IEEE Wireless Commun. Netw. Conf. (WCNC), Cancun, Mexico, pp. 1310-1315, 2011.
[20] O. Kosut and L. Tong, “Distributed Source Coding in the Presence of Byzantine Sensors,” IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 2550-2565, 2008.
[21] O. Kosut, L. Tong, and D. Tse, “Nonlinear Network Coding is Necessary to Combat General Byzantine Attacks,” in Proc. 47th Ann. Allerton Conj. Commun. Contr. Comput., Urbana, IL, USA, pp. 593-599, 2009,.
[22] K. Agrawal, A. Vempaty, H. Chen, and P. K. Varshney, “Target Localization in Sensor Networks with Quantized Data in the Presence of Byzantine Attacks,” in Proc. Asilomar Conf. Signals, Syst. Comp., Pacific Grove, CA, USA, pp. 1669-1673, 2011.
[23] H. L. V. Trees and K. L. Bell, Bayesian Bounds for Parameter Estimation and Nonlinear Filtering/Tracking, Wiley IEEE press, Hoboken, NJ, USA, 2007.
[24] A. Vempaty, O. Ozdemir, and P. Varshney, “Mitigation of Byzantine Attacks for Target Location Estimation in Wireless Sensor Networks,” in Proc. 46th Ann. Conf. on Inf. Sci. Syst. (CISS), Princeton, NJ, USA, 2012.
[25] A. Vempaty, O. Ozdemir, K. Agrawal, H. Chen, and P. K. Varshney, “Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks Byzantines and Mitigation Techniques,” IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 61, no. 6, pp. 1495-1508, 2013.
[26] X. Mei, H. Wu, J. Xian, and B. Chen, “RSS-Based Byzantine Fault-Tolerant Localization Algorithm Under NLOS Environment,” IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 474-478, 2021.
[27] Q. Wang, Z. Duan, and F. Li, “Semidefinite Programming for Wireless Cooperative Localization Using Biased RSS Measurements,” IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 1278-1282, 2022.
[28] H. C. So and L. Lin, “Linear Least Squares Approach for Accurate Received Signal Strength Based Source Localization,” IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 59, no. 8, pp. 4035-4040, 2011.
[29] S. Kay, Fundamentals of Statistical Signal Processing: Estimation Theory, Prentice Hall, 1993