Document Type : Research Articles
Authors
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
Abstract
Concerning the increasing application of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs), planning PEV fast-charging stations (PEVF-CS) has become an important research topic. Regarding the reactive power compensation capability, the optimal planning of PEVF-CS reduces voltage deviation and power loss in the distribution network. Also, one of the basic requirements for expanding electric transportation is the optimal placement of accessible PEVF-CSs, considering the geographic information data. Therefore, the optimal placement of PEVF-CS requires attention to different geographical criteria and power distribution network constraints. In this sense, this paper aims to propose an approach that integrates the Geographic Information System (GIS) technique, Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) method, and Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming to find the optimal location of a PEVF-CS in Kabul city. The first stage is decision analysis based on the GIS technique and the MCDM approach. The second stage is suitability analysis of the power distribution network constraints to improve power quality. This paper considers ten different suitability criteria, and the Technique for Order Preference Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is applied to rank the different candidate locations. The analysis identified Junction 4 as the optimal choice and demonstrated a significant 3.6% reduction in power loss during peak hours, decreasing from 1071 kW to 1032 kW. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in optimizing PEVF-CS placement to enhance power quality and reduce the power loss.
Keywords
Main Subjects
[2] S. M. Alshareef, "Analyzing and mitigating the impacts of integrating fast-charging stations on the power quality in electric power distribution systems," Sustainability ,vol. 14, no. 9, p. 5595, 2022.
[3] P. Sivaraman, J. S. S. Raj, and P. A. Kumar, "Power quality impact of electric vehicle charging station on utility grid,"in 2021 IEEE Madras Section Conference (MASCON), pp.1-4, 2021.
[4] Q. Cui, Y. Weng, and C.-W. Tan, "Electric vehicle charging station placement method for urban areas," IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 6552-6565, 2019.
[5] T. Kunj and K. Pal, "Optimal location planning of EV charging station in existing distribution network with stability condition," in 2020 7th international conference on signal processing and integrated networks (SPIN), 2020, pp. 1060-1065.
[6] I. Sengor et al., "Optimal sizing and siting of different types of EV charging stations in a real distribution system environment," IET Renewable Power Generation ,vol. 16, no. 15, pp. 3171-3183, 2022.
[7] Y. Jin, M. A. Acquah, M. Seo, and S. Han, "Optimal siting and sizing of EV charging station using stochastic power flow analysis for voltage stability," IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification , vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 777-794, 2024.
[8] S. Zu and L. Sun, "Research on location planning of urban charging stations and battery-swapping stations for electric vehicles," Energy Reports ,vol. 8, pp. 508-522, 2022.
[9] F. Keramati, H. R. Mohammadi, G. R. Shiran, "Determining optimal location and size of PEV fast-charging stations in coupled transportation and power distribution networks considering power loss and traffic congestion," Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks ,vol. 38, p. 101268, 2024.
[10] S. Alegre, J. V. Míguez, and J. Carpio, "Modelling of electric and parallel-hybrid electric vehicle using Matlab/Simulink environment and planning of charging stations through a geographic information system and genetic algorithms," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 74, pp. 1020-1027, 2017.
[11] M. Erbaş, M. Kabak, E. Özceylan, and C. Çetinkaya, "Optimal siting of electric vehicle charging stations: A GIS-based fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis," Energy ,vol. 163, pp. 1017-1031, 2018.
[12] D. Guler and T. Yomralioglu, "Suitable location selection for the electric vehicle fast charging station with AHP and fuzzy AHP methods using GIS," Annals of GIS ,vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 169-189, 2020.
[13] S. Guo and H. Zhao, "Optimal site selection of electric vehicle charging station by using fuzzy TOPSIS based on sustainability perspective," Applied Energy,vol. 158, pp. 390-402, 2015.
[14] G. Sierpiński, M. Staniek, and M. J. Kłos, "Decision making support for local authorities choosing the method for siting of in-city EV charging stations," Energies, vol. 13, no. 18, p. 4682, 2020.
[15] Y. Zhang and K. Iman, "A multi-factor GIS method to identify optimal geographic locations for electric vehicle (EV) charging stations," in Proceedings of the ICA, 2018, vol. 1, pp. 1-6: Copernicus GmbH.
[16] M. E. Genevois and H. Kocaman, "Locating electric vehicle charging stations in Istanbul with AHP based mathematical modelling," International Journal of Transportation Systems , vol. 3, 2018.
[17] Ö. Kaya, A. Tortum, K. D. Alemdar, M. Y. Çodur, "Site selection for EVCS in Istanbul by GIS and multi-criteria decision-making," Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment ,vol. 80, p. 102271, 2020.
[18] C. Karolemeas, S. Tsigdinos, P. G. Tzouras, A. Nikitas, and E. Bakogiannis, "Determining electric vehicle charging station location suitability: A qualitative study of greek stakeholders employing thematic analysis and analytical hierarchy process," Sustainability ,vol. 13, no. 4, p. 2298, 2021.
[19] K. Almutairi, S. S. H. Dehshiri, S. J. H. Dehshiri, A. Mostafaeipour, M. Jahangiri, and K. Techato, "Technical, economic, carbon footprint assessment, and prioritizing stations for hydrogen production using wind energy: A case study," Energy Strategy Reviews ,vol. 36, p. 100684, 2021.
[20] A. Mostafaeipour, S. J. H. Dehshiri, S. S. H. Dehshiri, and M. Jahangiri, "Prioritization of potential locations for harnessing wind energy to produce hydrogen in Afghanistan," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 45, no. 58, pp. 33169-33184, 2020.
[21] A. Mostafaeipour, S. J. H. Dehshiri, S. S. H. Dehshiri, M. Jahangiri, and K. Techato, "A thorough analysis of potential geothermal project locations in Afghanistan," Sustainability ,vol. 12, no. 20, p. 8397, 2020.
[22] https://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/kabul-population.
[24] I. S. Bayram, U. Zafar, and S. Bayhan, "Could petrol stations play a key role in transportation electrification? a gis-based coverage maximization of fast ev chargers in urban environment," IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 17318-17329, 2022.
[25] https://main.dabs.af/Historyen.
[27] https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabul.
[28] T. Höfer, Y. Sunak, H. Siddique, and R. Madlener, "Wind farm siting using a spatial Analytic Hierarchy Process approach: A case study of the Städteregion Aachen," Applied energy, vol. 163, pp. 222-243, 2016.
[29] J. Ma, N. R. Scott, S. D. DeGloria, A. J. Lembo, "Siting analysis of farm-based centralized anaerobic digester systems for distributed generation using GIS," Biomass and Bioenergy, vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 591-600, 2005.
[30] M. Jahangiri et al., "Prioritization of solar electricity and hydrogen co-production stations considering PV losses and different types of solar trackers: a TOPSIS approach," Renewable Energy, vol. 186, pp. 889-903, 2022.
[31] S. Pirouzi, J. Aghaei, T. Niknam, H. Farahmand, and M. Korpås, "Proactive operation of electric vehicles in harmonic polluted smart distribution networks," IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 967-975, 2018.
[32] M. Ahmadi, M. E. Lotfy, A. M. Howlader, A. Yona, T. Senjyu, "Centralised multi‐objective integration of wind farm and battery energy storage system in real‐distribution network considering environmental, technical and economic perspective," IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution ,vol. 13, no. 22, pp. 5207-5217, 2019.
[33] S. Faizi, N. R. Sabory, and A. H. Layan, "Fuel transportation impact on people, animals, and plant life in Kabul city," Repa Proc, pp. 89-95, 2020.
[34] S. N. Hashemian, M. A. Latify, and G. R. Yousefi, "PEV fast-charging station sizing and placement in coupled transportation-distribution networks considering power line conditioning capability," IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 4773-4783, 2020.