Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1 University of Sistan and Baluchestan
2 University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Department of Communications Engineering, Zahedan, Iran.
3 Velayat University
Abstract
This paper introduces a two-pass rate control algorithm tailored for offline variable-bitrate applications that conform to the H.266/VVC standard. In the first pass, a rate controller at the group-of-pictures (GOP) level is used for encoding to collect the data required for the second pass. In the second pass, a Genetic algorithm (GA) directly determines optimal quantization parameters for all GOPs in the sequence simultaneously. It minimizes a global sequence-level rate-distortion (R-D) objective function while ensuring adherence to the buffering constraints. In fact, it uses the available buffer space to provide optimal bitrate variations, thereby minimizing rate-distortion. The proposed controller is implemented in the VVC test model (VTM) and evaluated against several benchmarks. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves superior performance on the R-D objective function used in the GA. This achievement includes significant bitrate reductions and quality improvements while adhering to the buffering constraint. Moreover, the proposed controller achieves a more stable quality, resulting in higher visual quality for the reconstructed video.
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